This Aburatsubo is a modern interpretation of a traditional japanese oil applicator. Traditionally, the Aburatsubo consisted of cotton wadding, soaked in Tsubaki oil, contained within a bamboo pot. Tools were dipped into the cotton wadding while working, or pieces of wadding were taken between the fingers to apply oil to larger tools. The modern version is much the same, but with the addition of a wick in the cap to apply oil without needing to oil ones fingers.
Tsubaki oil, also known as camelia oil, is both highly stable and food safe. It is ideal for use on carbon steel knives to prevent corrosion. You may be sparing with it, as not much is needed to create a working protective layer. Too much oil on the surface can attract dirt and particulate.